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Biomarkers

Health screening and follow up test

Biomarkers are measurable indicators found in blood and other body samples that reflect how the body is functioning. They help researchers understand biological changes over time. In our cardiovascular disease (CVD) trial, biomarker testing provides valuable insights into cardiovascular and metabolic health.

Biomarkers

In the cardiovascular disease (CVD) trial, participants undergo comprehensive biomarker testing at the start (baseline) and during follow-up visits. These include measures of blood values, hormones, inflammation, kidney function, and liver function. Tracking these biomarkers over time helps reveal how stem cell treatment may influence cardiovascular and metabolic health.

For patients participating in our other trials, biomarker analysis can be added as an additional service. This allows individuals to gain further insights into their biological response and overall health, although it is not part of the trial protocol itself.

Lipid Profile

  • Total Cholesterol
  • LDL-Cholesterol
  • HDL-Cholesterol
  • Triglycerides
  • APO A
  • APO B

Blood Values and Complete Blood Count

  • HbA1c
  • Homocysteine
  • Glucose
  • Ferritin
  • CBC

Hormones

  • Testosterone (male)
  • TSH (female)

Inflammation

  • High-sensitive CRP
  • ESR

Kidney

  • Creatinine

Liver

  • Total Bilirubin

Cytokines & Chemokines

  • Eotaxin
  • IL-1 RA
  • IL-1β
  • IL-2
  • IL-4
  • IL-6
  • IL-7
  • IL-10
  • IL-12 p70
  • IL-13
  • IL-15
  • IL-17A
  • MIP-1α
  • MIP-1β
  • IFN-γ
  • MCP-1
  • GM-CSF
  • IP-10
  • TGF-α
  • TNF-α
  • TNF-β
  • VEGF-A

Aging

Telomere Length

  • Total telomere length (kb)
  • Average length per telomere end (kb)

DNA Methylation

  • Total methylation (5-mC%/total DNA)
  • 5-mC%/cytosine content

Histone 3 Modification

  • Histone H3K4 methylation (%)

Immunoprofiling

Innate Immune Cells

  • Total (CD3-CD56+) NK cells %
  • Mature (CD16+CD56+) NK cells %
  • Immature (CD16-CD56-) NK cells %
  • Total monocytes (CD3-CD19-CD14+) %
  • Classical (CD14hiCD16-) monocytes %
  • Intermediate (CD14+CD16+) monocytes %
  • Non-classical (CD16hiCD14+) monocytes %

Adaptive Immune Cells

  • CD4+ (CD3+CD19-) helper T cells %
  • Naive (CD45RA+CD27+) CD4+ helper T cells %
  • Central memory (CD45RA-CD27+) CD4+ helper T cells %
  • Effector (CD45RA-CD27-) CD4+ helper T cells %
  • EMRA (CD45RA+CD27-) CD4+ helper T cells %
  • CXCR3+ CD4+ helper T cells %
  • Regulatory T cells (CD25+ FOXP3+) %
  • Activated regulatory T cells (CD25hiFOXP3hi)
  • CD8+ (CD3+CD19-) cytotoxic T cells %
  • Naive (CD45RA+CD27+) CD8+ cytotoxic T cells %
  • Central memory (CD45RA-CD27+) CD8+ T cells %
  • Effector memory (CD45RA-CD27-) CD8+ cytotoxic T cells %
  • EMRA (CD45RA+CD27-) CD8+ cytotoxic T cells %
  • CD19+ B cells %
  • Naive (IgD+CD27-) B cells %
  • Immature transitional (CD5+CD38+) B cells %
  • IgD+ memory (IgD+CD27+) B cells %
  • Class-switched memory (IgD-CD27+) B cells %
  • Total memory (CD27+) B cells %
  • Plasmablast (CD27+CD38+) %
  • BAFF-R+ B cells %
  • Regulatory B cells %