Biomarkers

Health screening and follow up test

Biomarkers are measurable indicators found in blood and other body samples that reflect how the body is functioning. They help researchers understand biological changes over time. In our cardiovascular disease (CVD) trial, biomarker testing provides valuable insights into cardiovascular and metabolic health.


Biomarkers

In the cardiovascular disease (CVD) trial, participants undergo comprehensive biomarker testing at the start (baseline) and during follow-up visits. These include measures of blood values, hormones, inflammation, kidney function, and liver function. Tracking these biomarkers over time helps reveal how stem cell treatment may influence cardiovascular and metabolic health.

For patients participating in our other trials, biomarker analysis can be added as an additional service. This allows individuals to gain further insights into their biological response and overall health, although it is not part of the trial protocol itself.

Infectious Diseases

HbsAg (Hepatitis B)
HIV I & II
Syphilis VDRL
Anti HCV (Hepatitis C)

Metabolic

Albumin
ALP
ALT
AST
Potassium
Sodium

Lipid Profile

Total Cholesterol
LDL-Cholesterol
HDL-Cholesterol
Triglycerides
APO A
APO B

Blood Values and Complete Blood Count

HbA1c
Homocysteine
Glucose
Ferritin
CBC

Hormones

Testosterone (male)
TSH (female)

Inflammation

High-sensitive CRP
ESR

Kidney

Creatinine

Liver

Total Bilirubin

Lipid Profile

Total Cholesterol
LDL-Cholesterol
HDL-Cholesterol
Triglycerides
APO A
APO B

Blood Values and Complete Blood Count

HbA1c
Homocysteine
Glucose
Ferritin
CBC

Hormones

Testosterone (male)
TSH (female)

Inflammation

High-sensitive CRP
ESR

Kidney

Creatinine

Liver

Total Bilirubin

Cytokines and Chemokines

Eotaxin
IL-1 RA
IL-1b
IL-2
IL-4
IL-6
IL-7
IL-10
IL-12 p70
IL-13
IL-15
IL-17A
MIP-1A
MIP-1b
IFN-g
MCP-1
GM-CSF
IP-10
TGF-a
TNF-a
TNF-b
VEGF A

Aging

Telomere Length

Total Telomere length (kb)
Average length per telomere end (kb)

DNA Methylation

Total Methylation (5-mC%/total DNA)
5-mC%/cytosine content

Histone 3 Modification

Histone H3K4 methylation (%)

Immunoprofiling

Innate Immune Cells

Total (CD3-CD56+) NK cells %
Mature (CD16+CD56+) NK cells %
Immature (CD16-CD56-) NK cells %
Total monocytes (CD3-CD19-CD14+) %
Classical (CD14hiCD16-) monocytes %
Intermediate (CD14+CD16+) monocytes %
Non-classical (CD16hiCD14+) monocytes %

Adaptive Immune Cells

CD4+ (CD3+CD19-) helper T cells %
Naive (CD45RA+CD27+) CD4+ helper T cells %
Central memory (CD45RA-CD27+) CD4+ helper T cells %
Effector (CD45RA-CD27-) CD4+ helper T cells %
EMRA (CD45RA+CD27-) CD4+ helper T cells %
CXCR3+ CD4+ helper T cells %
Regulatory T cells (CD25+ FOXP3+) %
Activated regulatory T cells (CD25hiFOPX3hi)
CD8+ (CD3+CD19-) cytotoxic T cells %
Naive (CD45RA+CD27+) CD8+ cytotoxic T cells %
Central memory (CD45RA-CD27+) CD8+ T cells %
Effector memory (CD45RA-CD27-) CD8+ cytotoxic T cells %
EMRA (CD45RA+CD27-) CD8+ cytotoxic T cells %
CD19+ B cells %
Naive (IgD+CD27-) B cells %
Immature transitional (CD5+CD38+) B cells %
IgD+ memory (IgD+CD27+) B cells %
Class-switched Memory (IgD-CD27+) B cells %
Total memory (CD27+) B cells %
Plasmablast (CD27+CD38+) %
BAFFR+ B cells %
Regulatory B cells %